The Song's policies, which were far more abstract and philosophical than the Tang, made it difficult for the leaders to deal successfully with the nomads. As a result they turned their attention to the southern states as these were easier to annex than those in the north. In 1134, they ceded the territory north of the Huai River to the Jin Dynasty. The Song leader's system of buying peace from the tribes to the northeast, in addition to keeping a large army, was costly.
